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ASCII / ISCII / UNICODE

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     Internal storage of encoding characters   A computer is capable of handling numeric data but in addition to numerical data, a          computer must be able to handle non-numerical information . In other words, a              computer should recognize codes that represent letters of the alphabet,                            punctuation and other special characters as well as numbers. These codes are            called alphanumeric codes. 1.      ASCII (American Standards Code for Information Interchange) ASCII code is most widely used alphanumeric code used in computers. It is used extensively in small computers, peripherals, instruments and communication devices. ASCII-7 can represent 2 7 =128 characters. ASCII-8 can represent 2 8 =256 characters. It is...
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Microprocessor

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Microprocessor A microprocessor is an electronic circuit that is fabricated on a single chip. It is the heart of all the computers. The instructions given in a program are interpreted and carried out by the processing unit of computer. So, we can say that a microprocessor is a multipurpose, programmable device that reads binary instructions from a storage device called memory, accepts binary data from input units and processes data according to these instructions and provide results as output. A processor is also known as CPU which is also called as brain of the computer. The main components of CPU are: 1.      Control Unit 2.      Arithmetic Logic Unit 3.      Registers 1.    Control Unit(CU) -> A control unit is that part of computer, which makes the ALU and memory work in synchronization with the data. It is responsible for carrying out all the instructions stored in the progr...
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CISC / RISC / EPIC

Classification of Microprocessors 1.     CISC Processors: CISC is known as Complex Instruction Set Computer . The CISC approach attempts to minimize the number of instructions per program, sacrificing the number of cycles per instruction. Computers based on the CISC architecture are designed to decrease the memory cost . The number of instructions per program can be reduced by embedding the number of operations in a single instruction, thereby making the instructions more complex. For example, MUL(Multiply) . It performs operations such as load from memory, an arithmetic operation and a memory store all in single instruction. Example: IBM 370/168, Intel 80486 etc. Advantages: a.      Microprogramming is as easy as assembly language to implement and much less expensive than hardwiring a control circuit. b.      Fewer instructions are needed to implement a particular computing task, which led to lower memory...
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