PROGRAMMING IS FUN

Classification of Microprocessors 1.     CISC Processors: CISC is known as Complex Instruction Set Computer . The CISC approach attempts to minimize the number of instructions per program, sacrificing the number of cycles per instruction. Computers based on the CISC architecture are designed to decrease the memory cost . The number of instructions per program can be reduced by embedding the number of operations in a single instruction, thereby making the instructions more complex. For example, MUL(Multiply) . It performs operations such as load from memory, an arithmetic operation and a memory store all in single instruction. Example: IBM 370/168, Intel 80486 etc. Advantages: a.      Microprogramming is as easy as assembly language to implement and much less expensive than hardwiring a control circuit. b.      Fewer instructions are needed to implement a particular computing task, which led to lower memory use for program storage and fewer time consuming inst

Types of Memory The computer memories can be divided into following categories: ·         Primary Memory ·         Secondary memory ·         Cache Memory 1.     Primary Memory: Primary memory or main memory is used for storing program and data during the execution of the program. It is directly accessible to CPU. The main memory is divided into many storage locations , each of which can store data or instructions. Each memory location is of the same size and has an address. With the help of the address, the computer can find any data easily without having to search the entire memory. Broadly primary memory can be of two types – RAM (Random Access Memory) and ROM (Read only memory). a.      Random Access Memory (RAM) RAM is also known as volatile memory is a computer memory that requires power to maintain the stored information. The data is primarily stored on RAM. This is also known as Read-Write memory as both the operation can take place on it. It